聚氨酯保溫鋼管防腐顏料
Antiseptic Pigment for Polyurethane Thermal Insulation Pipe
品種
Varieties
用于防腐涂料的防銹顏料的品種較多，其罕見有以下幾種：
There are many kinds of rust-proof pigments used in anticorrosive coatings, which are rare in the following ways:
①與成膜劑起反響構(gòu)成致密的防腐涂層；
It reacts with the film forming agent to form a dense anticorrosive coating.
②顏料是堿性物質(zhì)，溶于水則構(gòu)成堿性環(huán)境；
(2) Pigments are alkaline substances, while soluble in water constitutes an alkaline environment.
③水溶性的成分抵達(dá)金屬外表使外表鈍化；
(3) Water-soluble components reach the surface of the metal to passivate the surface;
④與酸性物質(zhì)反響使其得到腐蝕才能；
(4) react with acidic substances so that they can be corroded.
⑤水溶性成分或與成膜劑的反響生成物在水中溶解變爲(wèi)防腐成分等。
_Water-soluble components or reactant products with film-forming agents dissolve into anticorrosive components in water.
機(jī)理
Mechanism
防銹顏料的上述防腐作用通常是同時(shí)存在的，其防腐機(jī)理包括下列物理、化學(xué)、電化學(xué)的三個(gè)方面。
These anticorrosive effects of anti-rust pigments usually exist at the same time. The anticorrosive mechanism of anti-rust pigments includes the following three aspects: physical, chemical and electrochemical.
⑴物理防腐作用。適當(dāng)配以與油性成膜劑起反響的顏料可以失掉致密的防腐涂層使物理的防腐作用增強(qiáng)。例如含鉛類顏料與油料反響構(gòu)成鉛皂使防腐涂層致密，從而增加了水、氧無害物質(zhì)的浸透。磷酸鹽類顏料水解后構(gòu)成難溶的堿式酸鹽，具有梗塞防腐涂層中針孔的效果。而鐵的氧化物或具有鱗片狀的云母粉、鋁粉、玻璃薄片等顏料填料均可以使防腐涂層的浸透性降低，起到物理的防腐作用。
(1) Physical anticorrosion. Proper combination of pigments that react with oily film-forming agents can remove dense anticorrosive coatings and enhance the physical anticorrosive effect. For example, lead-containing pigments and oils react to form lead soap to densify the anticorrosive coating, thus increasing the water and oxygen harmless material immersion. Phosphate pigments hydrolyze to form insoluble alkaline salts, which have the effect of pinholes in anticorrosive coatings for infarction. However, iron oxides or pigments with scaly mica powder, aluminium powder, glass sheet and other fillers can reduce the permeability of the anticorrosive coating and play a physical anticorrosive role.
⑵化學(xué)防腐作用。當(dāng)無害的酸性堿性物質(zhì)滲入防腐涂層時(shí)，能起中和作用變其爲(wèi)有害物質(zhì)，這也是無效的防腐辦法。尤其是巧妙地采用氧化鋅、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鋇等兩性化合物，可以很容易地完成中和酸性或堿性的無害物質(zhì)而起防腐作用，或許能與水、酸反響生成堿性物質(zhì)。這些堿性物質(zhì)吸附在鋼鐵外表使其外表堅(jiān)持堿性，在堿性環(huán)境下鋼鐵不易生銹。
(2) Chemical anticorrosion. When harmless acidic and alkaline substances penetrate into anti-corrosion coatings, they can neutralize and turn them into harmful substances, which is also an ineffective anti-corrosion method. In particular, clever use of zinc oxide, aluminium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and other amphoteric compounds can easily neutralize acidic or alkaline harmless substances and play an anti-corrosion role, perhaps with water, acid reaction to produce alkaline substances. These alkaline substances adsorb on the surface of steel to make it adhere to alkalinity, and steel is not easy to rust in alkaline environment.
⑶電化學(xué)防腐作用。從涂層的針孔滲入的水分和氧經(jīng)過防腐涂層時(shí)，與分散在防腐涂層中的防銹顏料反響構(gòu)成防腐離子。這種含有防腐離子的濕氣抵達(dá)金屬外表，使鋼鐵外表鈍化（使電位上升），避免鐵離子的溶出，鉻酸鹽類顏料就具有這種特性。或許應(yīng)用電極電位比鋼鐵低的金屬來維護(hù)鋼鐵，例如富鋅涂料就是由于鋅的電極電位比鋼鐵低，起到犧牲陽極的作用而使鋼鐵不易被腐蝕。
(3) electrochemical anticorrosion. When water and oxygen infiltrated through the pinhole of the coating pass through the anticorrosive coating, they react with the anticorrosive pigment dispersed in the anticorrosive coating to form the anticorrosive ion. This moisture containing anticorrosive ions reaches the metal surface, passivating the steel surface (increasing the potential) and avoiding the dissolution of iron ions. Chromate pigments have this characteristic. Perhaps the use of metals with lower electrode potential than iron and steel to maintain iron and steel, such as zinc-rich coatings, is due to the lower electrode potential of zinc than iron and steel, playing the role of sacrificing the anode, so that iron and steel is not easy to be corroded.
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